Tech Terms

Welcome to the Eastbay Customer Service Technical Glossary page. Here you'll find explanations of technical terms used in our product descriptions. By using this guide you can be sure that the product you buy contains the features and benefits that best meet your particular needs. To use the guide, go to the alphabet bar below and click on the letter of the term you are trying to find. You will be taken to the first entry in the list of terms for that letter. From there you can easily scroll down to the term you want. To select another term, scroll back to the nearest alphabet bar and click on the appropriate letter.

If you have a question about technical terminology not found here, please e-mail us at asktheexperts@eastbay.com.

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A³™ (adidas) — Engineered unit that provides a smoother heel-to-toe transition through four tuned elements: cushioning element, guidance element, stability element and transition plate.

Abrasion-resistant materials — Promotes durability in tennis and other sport shoes where significant friction occurs between footwear and the playing surface.

ABZORB® (New Balance) — Visco-elastic (elastomer) polymer pads that absorb shock and displace energy, softening the impact, foot-strike after foot-strike.

ABZORB SBS® (New Balance) — Provides maximum shock absorption for the performance athlete through a unique cored design.

ACG® (Nike) — All Conditions Gear, shoes and apparel for outdoor athletes who face elements as challenging as their sports. From a snowboarder’s jacket or a trail runner’s top, to a mountain biker’s shorts or a rock climber’s approach shoes.

Achilles' Flex Notch (Saucony) — Cut away in-heel area to prevent irritation of Achilles’ tendon.

adiDRY® (adidas) — A waterproof membrane with heat-sealed seams to keep the foot dry and comfortable while allowing it to breathe in a variety of environments.

adiFIT™ (adidas) — Removable insole in infants' and children's shoes that helps parents determine the correct shoe length for a proper fit.

adiGRID™ Quilt (adidas) — 100% polyester, air texturized thermal quilt. Constructed in a soft midweight double knit with excellent moisture management next to the skin. The quilted fiber "fill" creates a pocket for trapping warmth and maintaining comfort. Abrasion resistance is the third and outer layer.

adiPORT™ (adidas) — Performance and moisture management system that improves drying time and comfort.

adiPRENE® (adidas) — A shock-absorbing material developed to provide protection from harmful impact and greater rearfoot stability.

adiPRENE®+ (adidas) — An elastic material developed to retain the natural propulsive forces and greater forefoot efficiency.

adiTUFF™ (adidas) — Highly abrasion-resistant material used in the toe area of the shoe to withstand wear on the upper.

adiWEAR® (adidas) — A non-marking, rubber outsole compound that with abrasion resistance to prolong the life of a shoe.

adiWEAR®6 (adidas) — Provides even more abrasion resistance than adiWEAR® through the combination of a rubber compound and the outsole's shape and structure.

adjustable ventilation — Garments with an adjustable ventilation system (zippers, Velcro®, etc.) help the athlete avoid overheating. This system can be adjusted according to the athlete’s needs.

AHAR® heel plug (ASICS) — ASICS® High Abrasion Resistant rubber placed in critical areas of the outsole to cut down on excessive wear. Highly abrasion-resistant rubber used to help cut down on excessive wear. Placed on heavy contact areas of the outsole to help cut down on excessive wear.

Air® (Nike) — Gas that's pressurized inside a tough yet flexible urethane bag. The large molecular structure of this gas prevents it from escaping through the urethane membrane.

Air Cell (Merrell) — Cushioning system licensed from Karhu of Finland consisting of an air chamber that provides cushioning by compression.

Air Mesh (Mizuno) — Provides breathability for the life of the shoe and enables the foot to stay cool.

Air-Sole® unit (Nike) — Small urethane bags of compressed gas that are encapsulated in the midsole beneath the heel, forefoot or in both locations, depending upon the specific needs of the athlete for whom a particular shoe is designed. These needs are determined by the sport played, athlete's size, terrain, distance covered, speed and direction of movement. Whatever the circumstances, the Air-Sole® unit compresses to reduce the force of impact and then immediately recovers to its original shape and volume, ready for the next blow. During the 26.2 miles of a marathon, a runner's foot endures more than 25,000 heel strikes. The result is light, protective cushioning.

Anatomical cut — Garments cut to fit the athlete’s body form.

Antimicrobial — Protection of the fabric against bacteria that causes odors, yeast and fungus.

Aqua-trans® (Headsweats) — Moisture transportation system that rapidly wicks moisture away from your skin and to the outside of the fabric, leaving your skin dray and fresh, even during active exercise.

Archtech (Puma) — Midfoot support bridge

Articulated Gum Rubber — This sticky rubber grips courts and turf. It also has grooves, so it bends with your foot as you’re making cuts.

ASICS® GEL® Cushioning System (ASICS) — Silicone-based gel strategically placed at high impact areas in the forefoot and/or rearfoot for shock absorption.

Autoclave — Rubber outsoles are usually cured in a press under high temperature and pressure conditions. An autoclave resembles a pressure cooker that uses steam to cure the rubber. Canvas shoes with uncured gum rubber outsoles are cured with autoclave.

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Ball control materials — Innovative upper materials for better control of the ball in soccer.

Ballistic mesh/synthetic leather upper — A highly abrasion-resistant, tear-resistant mesh.

BESR — Bat Exit Speed Ratio. The University of Massachusetts at Lowell conducts tests to determine how fast a ball travels after making contact with a bat. The test basically involves throwing a ball at a swinging bat. BESR certified bats cannot have a ball speed of more than 97 mph, about the same speed a ball would travel after being hit with a bat made of northern white ash wood. Effective January 1, 2003, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations, all non-wood bats must have a BESR certification mark to be legal for high school baseball.

b/cR (Saucony) — A lightweight and flexible combination of blown and carbon rubber outsole material that provides added cushioning while maintaining durability.

Biofresh™ (Sterling Fibers) — Antibacterial acrylic fiber for activewear and hoisery that inhibits the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi and yeast.

Biolock™ (Mizuno) — An internal strapping system created to enhance the fit of the heel and eliminate slippage.

Blasting Cap™ (Easton) — End cap designed to extend the barrel and enlarge bat sweet spot for improved balance, sound and feel.

Blow molded — Manufacturing process where the urethane Air -Sole® unit material is forced into a mold using high pressure. This allows for a variety of new Air -Sole® unit shapes.

Blown rubber — 40% lighter than solid rubber; the addition of air makes for a softer, more cushioned landing.

Board-lasted — The upper is glued to a thin fiber board then cemented to the midsole and outsole, providing more durability.

Bootie — Complete lining of the upper, from under foot to top lining, used to seal waterproof Gore-Tex® shoes.

Breathability — Permeability to body moisture in the form of water vapor.

Bright-faced fleece — 100% polyester, bright face, single-sided fleece.

BRS 1000™ (Nike) — A highly durable, marking carbon rubber outsole. BRS stands for Blue Ribbon Sports, which was Nike’s original name.

B.S.F.P.™ (Timberland) — A motion efficiency system that improves traction and performance by following the foot's S-shaped center of pressure path during the four stages of footstrike: brake, support, flex and propel.

Built on a woman’s last — Shoes built especially for women, featuring a narrower heel and wider toe box than shoes built for men.

Butter Soft™ (Mizuno) — Polyurethane lining in the palm for durability, feel and comfort.

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C4S — Circular, 4x3 cleat configuration biomechanically designed to reduce slippage and increase stability, agility, balance and acceleration.

C-Cap® (New Balance) — Lightweight EVA molded under pressure to provide a firm, cushioned midsole.

CCS™ (ASICS) — Comfort Cushioning System, a unique combination of a cushioning capsule and ASICS® GEL® Cushioning System, which provides increased shock absorption.

CVC — Knitted fabrics made out of cotton/polyester, where cotton is the main component.

CMEVA — Compression-molded ethylene vinyl acetate foam. EVA midsole material that provides lightweight cushioning, stability and resilience. Molded in a manner to seal the EVA and allow for greater durability.

California slip-lasted — The upper is stitched around the outsole of the insole, allowing for flexibility and light weight.

Cambrelle® (Reebok) — A material with breathability, durability and moisture wicking properties. Registered trademark of Camtex Fabrics Limited.

Canyon™ Leather (Wilson) — Rugged but soft glove material for a natural, game-ready feel.

Carbon fiber — A material used in midsoles for support. It’s stronger than steel, but lighter.

Carbon rubber — The addition of carbon to rubber yields an exceptionally long wearing, abrasion- resistant outside material.

CCS™ (ASICS) — Comfort Cushioning System is a unique blend of a cushioning capsule and the ASICS® GEL® Cushioning System that provide increased shock absorption.

Chamois — Circular double knit fabric that might have a small textured face and always a peached or brushed back.

Chassis — The supporting frame of a structure. In cleated shoes, it supports your foot.

Circular 4-Spike™ Technology (adidas) — Circular cleat configuration to improve traction during the four basic movements in baseball: Pitching/Throwing, Base Running, Hitting, and Fielding. By creating the 4x3 circular configuration, this cleat plate can reduce slip, providing increased stability, agility and balance. It provides the following benefits for each movement: Pitching/Throwing — increased ground penetration, better stability, more power into a fastball. Hitting — Increased blase surface, reduced slip, more power and drive from the legs into the ball. Base running — increased ground contact, better grip and acceleration, quicker reaction time and speed. Fielding — Even pressure distribution, increased comfort and agility, quicker changes in direction.

ClimaCool™ (adidas) — Supplies ventilation and moisture management.

Climadry® (Salomon) — Technical lining that combines maximum waterproof performance and excellent durability.

Clima-FIT® (Nike) — Fabrics that offer water and wind resistance with a high level of breathability. The primary construction is densely constructed polyester microfiber woven.

ClimaLite® (adidas) — 100% microfiber polyester knit. Technically engineered to move moisture from the body to the surface of the garment and disperse to dry. By construction the microfilament fibers perform to keep the athlete dry and comfortable. Research tests rate this fabric with a 50+SPF for UV protection.

ClimaProof™ (adidas) — Highly breathable fabrics providing wind and water resistance.

ClimaWarm™ (adidas) — Highly breathable, lightweight fabric technology providing thermal insulation.

Coaching — A shoe resembling that worn by players but with an outsole that also can be worn indoors. Generally in classic black.

Columbia Comfort System™ (Columbia) — Perforated neoprene panels and yokes are built into the stress points of many vests, parkas and packs that provide cushioning and shock absorption.

Combination lasted — A combination of board and slip-lasting where the rearfoot is board-lasted for stability and the forefoot is slip-lasted for fit and durability.

ComfortTemp® (Timberland) — Climate-control lining that works like a thermostat to store and control heat to maintain a comfortable in-shoe temperature.

Composite Wave™ (Mizuno) — Technology that features a combination of materials in an existing Wave® plate configuration to provide specific cushioning and stability.

Compression — The application of pressure to a muscle group by engineered garments. Compression leads to reduced muscle vibration, a main cause of fatigue. This has the effect of increased power and endurance. Compression also has the effect of keeping the muscles in place, improving the accuracy and efficiency of movement.

Compression Molded EVA (Saucony) — EVA Midsole material that provides lightweight cushioning, stability and resilience. Molded in a manner to seal the EVA and allow for greater durability.

ConneXion™ (Easton) — Two-piece bat technology that uses elastomer piece to join barrel and handle, resulting in lower vibration and reducing shock.

Contagrip® (Salomon) — Outsole technology that provides superior traction across the spectrum of terrain and weather, plus the durability to resist wear and abrasion.

Contoured footbed — A footbed that follows the contours of the foot.

Contoured Phylon™ wedge (Nike) — A piece of foam cushioning placed in the midsole, under the heel, for extra impact protection.

Convertible (Columbia) — Designed to provide the flexibility of two garments in one. Pants that convert into shorts when the legs zip off or jackets that convert into vests when the arms zip off.

CoolMax® — DuPont®’s high-tech fabric that is made from a special four channel Dacron® polyester fiber that pulls moisture away from the skin and passes it rapidly through to the outside of the garment where it quickly evaporates.

CoolMax® Alta — A finer filament fabric that is sleek and lightweight. This unique fabric delivers high performance and promotes breathability.

Cordura® Ripstop (adidas) — 100% Cordura® nylon, 160 Denier 4.2 oz. Excellent abrasion resistance and a very soft hand for comfort.

Cotton — Natural fiber with a soft, comfortable feel that readily absorbs moisture.

Counter Reinforcer ™ (New Balance) — A polyurethane motion-control device that cups the heel and provides rear-foot motion control. Because it is extended on the medial side of the shoe, it offers special protection for the over-pronator.

Covered spikes — Multipurpose spikes that can be worn as spikes or flats both indoors and outdoors on all track surfaces. They have an EVA midsole wedge for cushioning and can double as a cross-country spike.

Crash pad — A stand-alone pad on the heel of running shoes designed to minimize impact pressure.

Crazy Horse™ (Mizuno) — Full-grain, game-ready leather.

Crepe — Made of cotton or synthetics, crepe has an irregular surface and comes in different degrees of sheerness.

Crinkle — A wrinkle or puckered effect in fabric obtained either in the construction or the finishing of the fabric.

C.R.M. ™ (Saucony) — Custom Ride Management features three distinct variations in ride by utilizing the right combination of materials for different body types: lightweight cushioning, responsive cushioning and durable cushioning.

Cupsole — An outsole with sidewalls that "cup" the foot, providing increased lateral and medial stability.

Cushioned — Shoes designed to reduce the shock that occurs when a foot strikes the ground. Cushioning is especially important for runners whose feet do not roll inward or outward upon striking the ground. It is this rolling action that helps absorb the shock that otherwise is sent through the joints to the spine. Cushioned shoes are designed to reduce this shock.

Cushioned Core Technology™ (Wilson) — Combines low-density sponge rubber with ultra-durable butyl rubber for exceptional feel.

Cushioned Support — Shoes with features that combine cushion and support for runners who slightly overpronate (roll inward), have low-to-normal arch, are a heel-striker or need some motion control yet want a cushioned ride.

CVC — Knitted fabrics made of cotton/polyester, where cotton is the main ingredient.

CyberZero™ Fit System (ASICS) — This optimally placed strap system provides a superior performance fit by decreasing the gap between the shoe and foot. The "slipper-like" fit increases leverage while maximizing support, creating a synergistic relationship between shoe and foot.

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Decoupled heel — Segmented heel-strike area used in running shoes that deflects impact and helps absorb shock and slow the rate of pronation.

DeMarini® technology —Doublewall Distance featuring, a C555 alloy inner-wall, resulting in an ultra-durable bat. The Fatboy incorporates FLI technology, an alloy/carbon fiber matrix metal that is many times more durable than conventional aluminum with no sacrifice in performance.

Denier — An international direct numbering system used for describing linear densities of manufactured filament fibers and yarns. Denier is equivalent to the number of grams per 9,000 meters length of yarn. Low numbers represent the finer sizes and higher numbers the heavier yarns.

Detachable cleats — Shoes with studs that are designed to screw in and out so that they can be easily replaced. This allows player to use the optimal stud for different field conditions. For example, metal studs are excellent in grass, but are considered illegal in some areas. If a player has detachable cleats, he can swap out his metal studs for a different set made from plastic or other material. Detachable cleats are ideal for more experienced players.

D.F. Cut™ (Mizuno) — Dynamic Function Cut, apparel designed for sport-specific movement, eliminating stress and allowing unrestricted motion for better performance.

Diagonal Rollbar™ (Brooks) — Outsole designed for stability and to prevent overpronation.

Die-cut midsole — Sheets of EVA are cut using a die and applied, rather than re-heated and formed, as with Phylon™ construction.

Direct-dying — Dyes that are applied to the goods in neutral or alkaline baths, causing the garment to have a poor wash fastness, leaving a "worn" look once washed.

Discharge printing — Used to obtain medium to dark-colored fabrics with white or colored motifs. The cloth is first piece-dyed and then discharged or bleached out in certain areas, leaving them white. Simultaneously, the cloth is direct-printed and some or all of the white areas are colored to provide the finished effect.

Distance spikes — Spikes that provide the most heel cushioning of any track spike because the runner’s heel hits the ground so many times over a long distance. These spikes, which generally have flexible plates, also can be used for multipurpose events and cross-country.

DMX™ (Reebok) — Connected air bladders that exchange air from one end of the system to the other and back on impact.

DMX Internal™ (Reebok) — Single component system that employs a moving cushion of air, delivering cushioning, stability and load distribution precisely where it is needed.

DMX Lite™ (Reebok) — Ambient air-filled, two-chambered bladder that transfers air from front to rear and back; positioned under the Strobel board of a Strobel slip-lasted shoe to provide cushioning.

DMX Mega (Reebok) — Non-pressurized air that moves in reaction to how each individual athlete moves, providing a customized cushioning experience.

DMX Shear (Reebok) — Provides horizontal cushioning by allowing the heel of the shoe to move independently from the rest of the shoe, cushioning both vertically (as in traditional footwear) and horizontally.

Dobby nylon — A synthetic geometric woven, with a cross-dyed, two-color effect. A durable nylon that is coated for windproofness and water repellency.

Dome TRB™ (Saucony) — TPU concave sphere that works as a stabilizing mechanism. The Dome TRB works in unison with the GRID Cassette to maximize cushioning and minimize rear foot motion.

Double knit — A fabric produced on a circular knitting machine equipped with two sets of needles situated at right angles to each other to create a double thickness.

Double polyester knit — 100% polyester "retro" knit. The unique textured face lends to the traditional knits.

Double Wave™ (Mizuno) — Technology that provides motion-control and cushioning by utilizing a double, fan-shaped Wave™.

Drag-on (Nike) — Durable material invented for the toe area of tennis shoes that stands up to toe-drag during matches.

DRB™ Accel (Brooks) — Lightweight TPU device that prevents overpronation.

DRC® rubber (Nike) — Durable Rubber Compound. Outsole material that stands up to repeated use on outdoor tennis and basketball courts.

Dri-FIT ® (Nike) — Moisture-managing material moves perspiration away from the body while a second layer delivers the moisture to the surface of the garment, where it can evaporate.

Dri-Lex ® — Fabric lining material developed by Faytex Company® that wicks moisture away from the foot.

Dryline® — 62% nylon 23% polyester 15% Lycra® circular knit. Double construction with nylon on the surface to absorb moisture and be durable.

Dual-density — Phylon™ or polyurethane or any two varying densities of one material that provide a stiff midsole in certain areas, and a soft midsole in others.

Dual-pressure — Two varying pressure systems within one Air-Sole ® unit. Higher pressure often exists on the outside for stability while lower pressure resides on the inside for cushioning.

Dual-Welting™ (Wilson) — Patented, pre-curved finger design in baseball gloves that helps provide a stable pocket.

Dura-Core™ Technology (Wilson) — Using a patent-pending process, DCT baseball cores are pressure formed to withstand impact and retain their hardness.

Dull tricot — Dull yarns give traditional brushed tricot a sophisticated matte look.

DuoMax® (ASICS) — Two or more different density midsole materials for improved pronation control.

DuoSole® (ASICS) — Outsole material providing light weight, flexibility, traction, and durability.

DuoTruss™ System (ASICS) — A dual-density reinforcement that provides torsional stability and biomechanically balanced arch support.

Duralon™ (Nike) — A blown outsole compound that resembles a foam pad. It serves to provide a cushioned ride, and runs from the heel to toe.

Duraspun® (Solutia) — Acrylic fiber that offers superior softness, cushioning, warmth-to-weight ratio and provides excellent wicking properties. Used mostly in socks to keep feet dry in both cold and warm conditions, helping prevent blisters.

Durango™ (Mizuno) — Soft, game-ready leather designed for easy break-in and flexibility.

Durasheen — Medium to heavy warp knit tricot, which uses bright yarns to give a very shiny appearance.

DuraSponge® (ASICS) — A blown high abrasion resistant rubber compound for enhanced cushioning and durability in the forefoot.

Duraspring™ (And 1) — Outsole compound that provides improved cushioning, impact absorption and recovery properties.

DuraStrike (adidas) — EVA compound used in the midsole that lasts longer and is more durable than traditional EVA.

Dura-Trek™ Canvas (Columbia) — An extremely durable, midweight, 100% nylon performance fabric.

Durometer — A measure of hardness. High hardness may provide more durability but less traction.

DWR finish — Durable Water Repellency, applied to outerwear for added protection against rain.

Dynamic cradle — A molded midsole compound for enhanced cushioning and durability in the forefoot.

Dynamic Cushioning™ System (Reebok) — Outsole with connected heel and forefoot air chambers; cushions as air moves back and forth between chambers during heel-to-toe walking stride.

Dynamic-fit sleeve — Made of spandex material, it hugs the foot and ankle for improved comfort and support.

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E.F.R. (adidas) — Engineered Forefoot Ride, an inner a layer of cushioning blown rubber for a responsive ride with an outer layer of carbon rubber for durability.

E.A.S.™ (Saucony) — Engineered Asymmetrical Sole is the process of building a sole unit to ensure that the foot is properly guided and supported .

Encap® (New Balance) — A cushioning core of EVA is encapsulated within a shell of PU, which adds rear foot stability and disperses shock.

Encapsulated Air-Sole® unit — Nonvisible Air-Sole® unit.

Ecsaine — Manmade suede developed in 1970, known for its outstanding quality, feel and functionality. Used in the upper of running shoes, Ecsaine has a structure resembling natural suede and consists of ultrafine fibers (0.01 to 0.2 denier) closely intertwined into bundles.

EVA midsole — Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, resilient material that provides shock protection. EVA midsoles are die-cut rather than poured (as with PU) or molded (as with Phylon™).

EVA wedge midsole — Same as die-cut except midsole is wedge-shaped (tapered from back to front) rather than foam-flat construction.

Everdure — Highly abrasion-resistant rubber.

EverTrack® (Puma) — Highly abrasion-resistant rubber.

Extended Trusstic System® (ASICS) — This unique system helps reduce the overall weight of the shoe while maintaining its structural integrity.

External Counter Reinforcer™ (New Balance) — Bracket that keeps heel from kicking out from under shoe and foot from rolling over.

Eyelet lacing — Traditional shoe lacing, consisting of eyelets set in the throat, above the edges of the shoe’s tongue, held closed with some type of string or lacing.

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Fabric wrap technology — Nylon fabric between the outsole and midsole to add stability and stiffness without adding much weight.

Faille — A medium-weight, 100% woven nylon fabric with flat ribs created by using heavier filling yarns. Durable 4.0 oz, polyurethane coated, creating fabric that is both wind-resistant and water-repellent.

Fan Wave™ (Mizuno) — Technology that features various Wave™ heights that deliver ultimate stability and cushioning.

FG — Outsole designed for ideal firm ground conditions on a soccer pitch, utilizing traditional soccer cleat design.

Filament — Synthetic fiber that has a smooth surface and is continuous in length. Filament fibers are stronger than staple fibers and can be found in both knits and wovens.

Finish — The process through which a fabric is passed after dyeing or printing in preparation for market use. Finishing includes such operations as heat setting, napping, embossing, pressing, calendaring and application of chemicals that change the character of the textile.

First touch control coating — Sticky coating for soccer cleats that improves touch on the ball without adding weight.

FitWedge™ (adidas) — Midsole component to curb overpronation and improve fit.

Flats — Extremely lightweight, track flats are made for events where spikes are not allowed and for cross country.

Flatlock seams — Specific seaming technique, providing very flat seams that stretch and reduce irritation on the skin.

Fleece — Knit fabric with a brushed or sheared surface. Made of cotton or polyester blends, fleece is soft, comfortable and warm. Body heat warms the pockets of air between the raised fibers, enabling heat retention without adding weight. Can be a knit or woven.

Flex grooves — Midsole and outsole channels that allow the shoe to bend and flex properly with the motion of the foot.

Flexile-Air™ (Nike) — Compartmentalized Air-Sole® units designed to follow flex-groove patterns, improving flexibility.

Flextended® Saddle (New Balance) — A material overlay on the shoe’s midfoot that wraps the instep to stabilize and support the arch throughout the gait cycle and provides additional freedom of movement and a more precise, individual fit.

Floater Leather — A leather with a dimpled or pebbled appearance.

Footbed — Molded and contoured removable insole placed directly under the foot that provides support, cushioning and stability.

Footbridge™ device — A device used in shoes to help slow the rate of pronation. It is inserted between the upper and the midsole.

Footform — Shoe last based on an average of the actual contours of athletes’ feet, featured primarily in running, ACG and training footwear.

Forefoot Air-Sole® unit (Nike) — Designed to provide cushioning protection under the forefoot. Some forefoot units feature flex grooves to increase flexibility..

Forefoot ASICS® GEL® Cushioning System — Silicone-based system engineered to maximize forefoot cushioning while still retaining the shoe’s forefoot flexibility.

Forefoot Puma Cell® — Neoprene-based foam pad.

Forefoot fabric wrap — A nylon underlay placed between the midsole and the outsole of the forefoot to help protect against stone bruising and other objects encountered on the trail.

Forefoot flex grooves — Anatomically placed grooves in the midsole and outsole that ensure proper forefoot flexibility without hindering natural foot flex.

Form Flow™ (Mizuno) — Welting that wraps around the glove for increased flexibility and closure.

French terry — A more textured look than fleece. Made mostly of cotton.

Full-grain — The strongest, most durable leather from the top layer of the cowhide.

Full-length — The first type of Air-Sole® unit developed. It provides continuous cushioning from the heel, through the arch and into the forefoot.

Full-length nylon spike plate (ASICS) — Provides increased power and leverage.

Full-length Zoom Air sockliner — A Zoom Air unit incorporated into the sockliner rather than beneath it, so you stay lower to the ground.

Full sizes only — While most shoes are available in both full and half-sizes, sandals, slides and infant shoes are only available in full sizes.

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GTO (Saucony) — A responsive forefoot technology.

GEL® Cushioning System (ASICS) — Exclusive silicone-based GEL® technology strategically placed at high-impact areas of the forefoot and rearfoot for shock absorption.

GEN1X™ (Louisville Slugger) — Strong aluminum bat alloy, topping 100 ksi, that consists of aluminum with zinc, copper, zirconium, magnesium and traces of titanium.

Ghilly lacing — A system of webbing loops or rings to secure the lacing of the upper, used in place of eyelets; also referred to as "speed" lacing.

Glide-bottom shoes — A tack shoe created for athletes with a traditional glide approach to throwing, featuring textured soles to facilitate forward motion.

Global Elite™ Leather (Mizuno) — High-quality leather with increased drag and memory.

Goat traction — Dual density rubber outsole engineered for supreme traction and stability.

Gore-Tex® (W.L. Gore) — Membrane that keeps water out, yet allows moisture vapor from sweat to pass through.

Graphite Rollbar® (New Balance) — A lightweight flat or molded piece of graphite material biomechanically positioned in the midsole that maximizes rearfoot stability.

Grid™ or G.R.I.D. ® (Saucony) — Woven Hytrel® filaments that provide superior cushioning and stability by centering the heel on impact.

Griptonite (Reebok) — A treatment used on premier product types that gives the absolute maximum allowable grip sanctioned by the NFL. The substance currently used on premier gloves is a super-tacky substance that works both dry and wet.

G-Tek traction — Soft, sticky rubber pads with the ability to conform when combined with hard carbon rubber to give traction on loose gravel and create an outsole that’s made for all terrain.

Gum rubber — Refers to the high-traction caramel-colored rubber used on the outsoles of volleyball, court and general wear shoes.

Gusset tongue — Design feature where the tongue is attached to bottom and both sides of the eyestay, which prevents debris from entering the shoe.

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Harmonix™ air bags (And 1) — An air-based cushioned system, featuring conic-shaped air bags positioned around the perimeter of the midsole to create a cushioned heel cradle.

Heathered loop terry — 100% polyester, single-faced fleece. The surface has a looped terry face. Back is brushed for anti-pill performance.

Heathered woven — 71% Supplex®, 29% polyester, 3.0 oz. A natural hand with the performance of nylon. Dries quickly and easy to care for.

Heel clip — A V-shaped piece of stainless steel positioned around the heel of the shoe that can be pinched together for a more customized fit.

Heel counter — Rigid material that provides extra support and stability for the heel.

Heel lace lock — Support strapping integrated with lacing to improve heel fit.

Herringbone — The zigzag pattern used on athletic shoe outsoles.

Herringbone jersey — The mini jacquard updates the traditional styles giving texture and subtle sheen details with VISA® finish.

HF welding — High Frequency welding used to seal air in cushioning and support compartments in shoes.

High jump shoes — Shoes that feature full-length spike plates to provide a stable base for takeoff. They typically have spike elements in the forefoot and heel for better traction while planting.

HoneyComb pique knit — 100% polyester (spun and microfilament), excellent moisture management layer, quick drying and easy to care for.

HPR — High Performance Rubber.

HRC™ (Saucony) — High Rebound Compound, a polymere blend that provides responsive forefoot cushioning.

Hydrofit™ (Salomon) — X-over, five-point harness provides secure fit and limits pronation.

HydroFlow® (Brooks) — Divided chamber filled with liquid silicon oil to flow from chamber to chamber under pressure of impact.

Hydrophillic — Water-loving characteristic that describes a fiber that "pulls" and retains moisture (e.g. nylon).

Hydrophobic — Water-hating characteristic that describes a fiber that "pushes" and has little-to-no moisture retention (e.g. polyester or polypropylene).

HydroPlus™ (Columbia) — Nylon taffeta that is extremely wind and weather repellent.

HydroPlus 3000™ (Columbia) — Rainproof version of HydroPlus™.

Hytrel™ (Saucony) — High-performance plastic elastomer used in the Grid® systems and Instep Support Device.

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IAAF™ — International Amateur Athletic Federation certification label for track equipment, indicating equipment has been approved for use in all IAAF sanctioned events.

Independent Suspension Network™ or ISN™ (Timberland) — A multi-density outsole that allows the lugs to act independently of each other and adapt to the terrain, keeping the foot level for superior stability, traction and comfort.

I.G.S.™ (ASICS) — Impact Guidance System is a technical design philosophy that allows the foot to perform in a more natural manner.

Indy 500 Plus Max® (New Balance) — Type of carbon rubber used in high-wear areas of some court shoe outsoles.

Injected polypropylene innersole — Lightweight but firm material that adds support under the foot in football cleats.

Injection-molded EVA — Process that injects ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam into molds to make it more uniform and durable, but is difficult to control as it continues to expand after the injecting process.

Instep Support Device™ (Saucony) — Provides essential heel cushioning, forefoot pressure dispersion and arch support. The visible ISD further works to provide torsional rigidity and shock absorption.

Integrated lacing — A variation on ghilly lacing that utilizes logo stripes in the lacing system to improve lateral stability.

Interchangeable — Baseball and softball shoes that come with both metal and plastic cleats, allowing the user to adjust for playing conditions or league requirements.

Intercool™ (Mizuno) — Midsole ventilation system that allows hot, humid air to be expelled and help cool the foot.

Interlock — A type of double knit. The fabric has a smooth surface on both sides, contains less elasticity that ribs, and possesses good wearing qualities. Also the relationship between Phylon™ and polyurethane when used on the same shoe.

Interlocking PU/Phylon™ midsole (Nike) — A combination midsole that gives you the best of both worlds. Firm PU in the heel provides a good base for uneven trails. Phylon™ from the midfoot to the toe supplies lightweight cushioning.

Internal-fit system — Usually involves laces wrapping around and sometimes even under the foot and pulling the upper snug.

Internal six-spike forefoot plate — A traction plate in which the spike mounts are imbedded in the outsole of the shoe.

Ionic Cushioning System™ (Saucony) — Molded triangular pillars in the midsole that work independently to absorb shock and disperse pressure.

Iridescent stretch pique — Polyester Rayon/Spanex blended knit. Spandex® offers stretch and comfort for active performance. Rayon makes the cross-dyed effect very strong. Soft and quick drying.

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Jacquard — An intricate method of knitting used to create a pattern, either simple or elaborate in design. 100% polyester knit.

Jaspe Lycra® jersey — The combination of two colored yarns create a jaspe fabric that has the comfort of cotton and stretch and performance of Lycra®.

Javelin shoes (boots) — Designed with spikes in the forefoot and heel for superior traction, ensuring maximum leverage off the throwing foot and to prevent slippage during the release. Javelin boots come in both high-cut and low-cut versions to suit personal preference. The high-cut provides more ankle support, while the low-cut provides more ankle flexibility.

Jersey — A circular knit or flat knit fabric made with a plain stitch in which the loops intermesh in only one direction. The fabric has a distinct front and back.

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KNG-100 — Synthetic upper material for cleated shoes designed to duplicate the control and comfort properties of kangaroo leather.

Kangaroo leather (K-leather) — Thin, lightweight leather. Highly prized by soccer players for its ability to conform to the foot.

Kinetic Fit System (KFS) (Reebok) — KFS is a series of stretchable panels engineered into specific locations throughout the shoe. The panels allow the shoe to respond and move naturally with the foot.

KinetoFoam® — A shock absorbing foam that conforms comfortably to the body. KinetoFoam® is designed to gradually firm during impact then expand back to its original form. This unique property of KinetoFoam® can absorb up to 90% of impact shocks. Further, the open cell structure of KinetoFoam® allows air to circulate through the material dissipating heat. The dual density layers of KinetoFoam® and high density polyurethane protect the knee, absorb shock, provide comfort and allow the skin to breathe.

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Laceless Palm™ (Mizuno) — Eliminates lacing through the palm for superior comfort, fit and feel.

Large sizes — For men, any shoe size 15 or larger. For women, any shoe size 12 or larger.

Large-volume Air-Sole® unit — Lightweight protection unit. Firm enough to protect the heel and still compress to provide awesome cushioning.

Last — A three-dimensional mold of a foot used as the form of a shoe. Last comes from the Anglo-Saxon term "latest," meaning "footprint" or "of the foot."

Last shapes — Lasts are shaped in different ways to accommodate differing foot types (straight, semi-straight, slightly curved, semi-curved and curved shapes), although there is no defined parameter for the distinction between shapes. Generally higher arched feet require a more curved last, while lower arched feet require a straighter last.

Lateral — Refers to the outside (little toe) side of a foot or shoe.

Latex seam sealed — Process of applying rubber-based adhesive sealant to the inside of seams to prevent leakage.

Layering — A versatile way to influence the micro-climate for optimum performance conditions. This can be achieved in two ways: (1) layering fabrics and/or membranes to form a fabric sandwich; (2) layering different garments as a system — Base layer: moisture management, Insulation layer: breathability and insulation, Protection layer: breathability and weather protection.

Liga — 80% polyester, 20% cotton jersey knit. One of the basics for traditional soccer players. The bright face offers the flash of color and the cotton next to the skin offers comfort. Visa® finish is added to improve performance.

LightStrike™ EVA (adidas) — Compound in running and tennis shoes that provides additional lightweight cushioning — 15% lighter and 10% more durable than traditional EVA.

Lightweight — Shoes designed with little support and good cushioning for runners who are efficient, train at faster speeds, have normal-to-rigid arch, are not susceptible to injury or need flexibility. Lightweight shoes are classified as being under 315 grams (about 11 ounces) for a men’s size 9. They might have varying degrees of cushioning and/or stability but are too light to be categorized as motion-control shoes.

Lined — Apparel with an extra layer of protection against the wind and cold. Most jackets and pants are available with lining.

Lockseam waterproof construction — Seam-sealed waterproofing technology that offers additional protection and comfort. Two pieces of leather are butted together and a rubber strip is stitched over the seam. The seams are sealed with latex on the inside to create a completely waterproof barrier.

Long jump shoes — Shoes that tend to have a raised forefoot, sometimes referred to as a negative heel lift, that helps jumpers roll onto the forefoot during the plant for better toe-off.

Loose fit jeans — Tapered leg style. Comfort cut with full seat and thighs.

Low-profile — A design that places the center height of the midsole lower than the standard. Used on select shoes to enhance stability or quickness when changing direction.

Lycra® — Dupont’s name for its spandex fiber. The most well-known and widely recognized brand of spandex that makes other fabrics super-elastic.

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Magic™ Sole (ASICS) — Found on the GEL-Magic Racer®, this ASICS® innovation features an ultra-lightweight material with ventilation holes for advanced breathability.

Max Air® cushioning (Nike) — Maximum cushioning. Through blow-molding, more pressurized gas can be put inside even bigger air bags. The bigger the Air-Sole®

unit, the less traditional cushioning material is needed. More cushioning, less weight.

Medial — The inside (big toe) part of a foot or shoe.

Medial post — Denser CM-EVA foam on the inside edge of the shoe to curb pronation.

Melange — A textured, heathered effect. A melange-heather effect is used in nylon/polyester wovens.

Metal — Most common on soccer and baseball shoes, metal cleats offer the best traction on grass or hard surfaces.

Memory foam — Conforms to the shape of your foot to provide a glove-like feel.

Mesh — Any fabric, knitted or woven, with an open construction. An open-textured, breathable fabric. If it’s got visible holes in it, it’s mesh.

Metatarsal pad — A softer EVA under the ball of the foot that provides added cushioning.

Micro-climate — The climate between the skin of an athlete and garment layers. An optimized micro-climate is the basis for improved athlete performance.

Microfiber — Very fine synthetic filament fibers. In Dri-FIT® fabric, it helps move moisture by capillary action. In Therma-FIT™ fabric, the larger surface area helps trap warmed air. In a Clima-FIT® fabric, microfibers allow for dense coverage with breathability.

Midfoot moderator — Insert in the midfoot that combines a soft material on the medial side and a harder material on the lateral side to provide increased lateral stability, lessening the risk of rollover when running on uneven off-road courses.

Midfoot spat strap — A strap that runs across the upper to help lock your foot in place.

Midfoot support bridge — Rigid material in the shank area of the midsole that helps keeps the foot neutral.

Micro Grid Lycra® (adidas) — 95% microfiber polyester 5% Lycra®. Textured interest in a grid-like ripstop pattern. Allows maximum stretch and dries extremely fast.

Micro fleece — 100% polyester microfiber filament. An excellent thermal layer with less bulk. Blocks wind and keeps you dry through the dense microfiber construction. Anti-piling finish.

Micro polyester woven — 100 polyester, wind resistant, water repellent and quiet.

Mid-distance — Spikes that provide heel cushioning and have a flexible forefoot plate. Hurdlers like them for the heel protection and weight. They’re almost lightweight enough to be sprint shoes. They adapt well to horizontal events such as the long jump and triple jump.

Midsole — Part of the shoe located between the upper and the outsole. It provides the bed your foot rests on, cushioning the ride and cradling the foot.

Midsole support — A shank or bridge built into the middle of the shoe that causes the shoe to return to a stable base after allowing the foot to twist in its natural movement during the gait cycle.

Mini-Faille™ (Columbia) — An abrasion-resistant nylon fabric that uses the Omni-Tech Ceramic™ coating. Designed for long-term use and abuse in inclement weather.

Mini-Lock™ (Mizuno) — Unobtrusive closure system that provides a secure, comfortable fit.

Mizuno Wave® or Mizuno Wave Technology® — Simultaneously provides cushioning and stability that resists overpronation, thus relieving stress on ankle and knee joints.

Moisture management — Fabric feature where moisture is absorbed and transported away from the skin to the outside face for quick evaporation.

Moisture management sockliner — Lightweight, polyurethane foam insole material used to wick moisture away.

Molded cleats — Shoes with studs that help form the outsole of a shoe, often made from rubber, aluminum or a hard plastic to provide traction and stability. These studs cannot be removed. Molded cleats are often preferred by beginners and kids because they’re suitable for general conditions and easier to maintain.

Molded lugs — Rubber pieces on outsoles that dig into ground for extreme traction.

Monkey Paw — Anti-inversion device to protect from ankle sprains in basketball footwear.

Mono-Tongue®/Mono-Sock® Fit System (ASICS) — An elastic internal sleeve that replaces a traditional tongue, providing a "socklike" fit.

Monsta Web™ (Wilson) — For softball players who want the largest web in the game.

Motion control — Shoes made for feet that roll inward too much. This inward roll is called pronation; if it exceeds a 4-degree inward rotation, it is called overpronation. While a small amount of inward motion (less than 4 degrees) is good for shock absorption, overpronation can cause injury. Motion-control shoes are built to reduce or control the excess rolling action of the foot, as well as to absorb some of the shock.

Motion control device — Located in the heel at the joining of the upper and midsole. This heel wrap works to minimize rearfoot lateral movement.

Motion-Z_n™ (ASICS) — Premium stretch fabric with moisture-wicking properties.

Multidirectional lugs — Lugs are traction devices on an outsole. By arranging them in alternating directions, they generate maximum grab in wet, sloppy conditions.

Multi-function cleat system — Engineered to enhance traction and pivoting for improved performance.

MzO™ (Mizuno) — Moisture management technology used in apparel to wick perspiration away from the skin, thereby increasing evaporation, comfort and performance.

MzW™ (Mizuno) — Microfiber fabric that allows moisture to escape while providing extra protection from the elements, including wind and rain.

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NC Rubber ™ (ASICS) — An outsole compound containing more natural rubber than traditional solid rubber, resulting in enhanced traction on courts.

N-durance™ (New Balance) — Highly abrasion-resistant rubber for unsurpassed durability.

Neoprene — Synthetic rubber sponge-like material that goes between two layers of nylon knit to create better insulation.

N-ergy S.C. System™ (New Balance) — multi-chamber component made from a unique combination of Dupont Hytrel™ and urethane, engineered to provide superior heel cushioning with medial and lateral stability while providing maximum resistance to compression set.

Nike Alpha Project® — Performance footwear, apparel and equipment that delivers innovation for the athlete specific to their sport. It’s about identifying and solving product performance problems, thereby enabling athletes to redefine what is possible in terms of athletic accomplishment.

Nike form — Like little bean-bag chairs for the feet. They mold around the ankle for extra cushioning and protection.

Nike Regrind™ outsole (Nike) — Outsole containing reground shoe scraps, waste or old shoes.

Nike Replica (Nike) — True to the team ... a reproduction of the authentic team gear that the players wear.

Nikelon — Nike’s term for a woven taffeta made from air-textured nylon. This synthetic fabric has the performance of nylon, with a look and feel more like cotton.

Nike Shox™ (Nike) — A revolution in cushioning and impact protection. Highly resilient foam in the Shox™ columns is made of energy-efficient material that enhances durability and spring.

9-Spike™ Technology (Mizuno) — Diagonal flex pattern on the forefoot increases pivot during throwing. 9-Spike™ configuration provides lateral traction for maximum quickness on first move and reduces spin-out in the batter's box.

Non-marking — An outsole that won't mark wood or court floors. Does not contain carbon black.

Nubuck — Lightly sanded, synthetic or natural leather that takes on a slightly brushed look.

Nylon — The most absorbent synthetic fiber, derived from coal and petroleum. As well as being lightweight and quick-drying, benefits include durability, good color retention and easy care.

Nylon/Spandex® pique — Fabric contains nylon and Spandex® in a pique construction, giving a new dimension to nylon/spandex bodywear fabrics.

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Omni-Dry™ Nylon (Columbia) — A lightweight, crinkled and sanded, plain-weave, dull-yarn nylon that creates an extremely soft cotton-like hand.

Omni-Dry™ Pique and Jersey (Columbia) — Exhibits very low piling, are wrinkle-resistant and inhibit the growth of bacteria. Ideal for a variety of activities such as trekking, outdoor training and adventure travel.

Omni-Dry™ Technology (Columbia) — Keeps the body comfortable and dry by drawing moisture to the fabric face, where it can quickly evaporate.

QuickForm™ (Mizuno) — Lacing system provides the ultimate means of tightening your laces.

Omni-Grip® (Columbia) — Specially formulated sticky rubber compound that provides superior traction and stability on wet and dry surfaces.

Omni-Tech® (Columbia) — Waterproof/breathable technology comprised of a microporous coating that prevents water molecules from penetrating the fabric, breathability to allow moisture out, windproof to prevent wind from entering, and factory team sealing made from waterproof tape applied to the underside of the seams.

Omni-Tech Ceramic™ Coating (Columbia) — Ceramic technology increases waterproofing without compromising breathability.

Open-weave mesh — A lightweight, breathable material used in the upper that provides consistent, resilient fit.

Optimal Motion flex grooves — A refinement of traditional flex grooves, incorporating grooves aligned along the heel-to-toe axis as well as the medial-to-lateral axis, and resulting in optimal motion during the foot-strike.

OTNYDR® — The latest innovation in perspiration-removing fabric, designed to prevent chafing and reduce odor.

Outrigger — A stabilizing device on the outer portion of a shoe.

Outsole — The bottom, outside of the shoe, designed to provide traction and durability on a variety of surfaces.

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P2E (adidas) — Thin, corrugated metal plate in the midsole that distributes spike pressure evenly over the entire forefoot, increasing stability and comfort.

PalmSoft™ (Mizuno) — Padded pigskin in the palm of the glove for increased feel and comfort.

Parallel Wave™ (Mizuno) — Technology uniformly disperses shock throughout the sole, providing cushioning and enhanced stability.

ParaShock™ (Mizuno) — Palm pad for added protection and shock absorption.

Peach touch — Fabric that is slightly brushed to give a velvet-like feel.

Pebax® — A nylon material that bonds to rubber, ideal for use in cleated outsoles because it is lightweight, strong and flexible.

Perfecta Cloth™ (Columbia) — Basic windwear with a soft, more cotton-like hand.

Performance — Shoes designed with little support and good cushioning, for runners who are efficient, train at faster speeds, have normal to rigid arch and are not susceptible to injury or need flexibility.

PerformanceGrey™ — Fabric with the look and feel of cotton but with the moisture-wicking properties of Under Armour®.

PermaSeal™ Adhesive System Waterproof Construction (Timberland) — Waterproofing technology that withstands extreme heat, cold and flexing motion. An adhesive gel is placed between the upper of the boot and the rubber sole. When the upper and sole are stitched together, the adhesive creates a bond between the materials and seals the stitch holes for complete waterproof protection.

Phylon™ midsole — Heated and compressed EVA foam cushioning compound that is lightweight, whiter, non-yellowing and not susceptible to attack by water or microbials.

Phylon™ outsole — Used on some indoor athletic shoes. Dramatically reduces weight. Not durable enough for all outdoor activities.

Piece dyeing — The dyeing of fabric in the cut, bolt or piece form. It follows the weaving of the goods and provides a single color for the material.

Pigment dye — Insoluble in water and need to be fixed with a binder during the garment dyeing process. Garments that are pigment dyed tend to have a laundered effect.

Pile — A surface of raised loops that is brushed and/or sheared. It can be single or double-sided, depending on the degree of warmth.

Pilling — Small fiber balls that form on knits and wovens when the fibers are repeatedly rubbed and the balls do not break off.

Pin striped women’s woven — 100% nylon with polyurethane coating. A subtle pattern with surface interest. Both windproof and water repellent.

Pique — French word meaning "quilted." Medium to heavyweight fabric with raised cords that run in the warp direction. Textured knit made of cotton or synthetics that is often found in polos. Double knit and fleece fabrics also can be produced with a pique face. This substantial cloth is made on dobby, jacquard, drop-box and other types of looms.

Plaited jersey — 50% polyester and 50% cotton knit. It usually has a sheen to it and a synthetic feel. Can be found in Reebok's NFL sideline apparel.

Play Dry™ (Reebok) — This “base layer”moves moisture, accelerates evaporation, increases ventilation and reduces abrasion without trapping the body’s thermal energy.

PlayShield (Reebok) — This “outer layer” acts as the final shield against the elements. Breathable linings, friction reducing fabrics, strategic venting and ergonomic construction integrate to maximize the athletic performance in the most inclement weather.

Podular (Brooks) — Articulated forefoot design that allows free forefoot movement and flexion.

Polartec® — Maker of technical and synthetic fabrics, ranging from extreme cold weather systems to lightweight, fast-wicking material.

Pole vault shoes — These shoes possess similar aspects of both long jump and triple jump shoes. Both are preferred for their toe-off properties. Personal preference applies.

Polyester — Synthetic fiber widely used in both staple and filament forms. Chief properties are durability, abrasion resistance, wrinkle resistance and easy care. Polyester has low moisture absorption and accumulates static electricity. Polyester is used alone and blended with other fibers.

Polyester Arctic fleece — 100% polyester, brushed on both side with anti-pill finishing. Thermal layering is for warmth and easy to care for.

Polyester/spandex jersey — This fabric utilizes microfiber polyester with Spandex® to give moisture wicking fabric, the ability to be fast-drying, soft, supple and extremely comfortable. The high number of filaments creates a fabric with excellent opacity, even in white colorways.

Polyurethane (PU) — A durable material used in midsoles and other components to help produce stability and a firm ride.

Poplin — A medium-weight, weave fabric, traditionally made from cotton, with a fine rib effect.

Poron sockliner — A very soft foam insert that adds plenty of comfort.

Powder Shell Technology — Pressure and heat-packing process used to create bat barrel that is 50% stronger than C555 Scandium and 60% stronger than C405™.

Power Close® (Mizuno) — Makes it easier for young ballplayers to close the glove and catch the ball.

Power Close II™ (Mizuno) — Features an outer thumb slot to improve the glove's closeability.

Power Lock™ (Mizuno) — Closure that provides quick and secure fit.

Power stretch fleece — 60% polyester, 30% nylon, 10% Lycra® single-faced brushed fleece. Excellent wind resistance, moisture management and comfort.

Predator® (adidas) — Technology featuring strategically positioned rubber vamps in soccer shoe uppers for better ball adhesion, providing more control, swerve, power and accuracy when passing, shooting and dribbling.

Printing — Process for producing a pattern on textile. Two common methods are screenprinting and heat transfer. The preferred method depends on volume, color and cost.

Pronation — The tendency of the heel to roll inward at each step. Too much pronation can cause injury.

ProPlate™ (adidas) — Stiff, elastic plate that restricts forefoot flexion to minimize energy dissipation for greater running efficiency.

Protection level I — Brace or pad or device designed to provide minimum protection and support.

Protection level II — Brace or pad or other device designed to provide a medium level of protection and support.

Protection level III — Brace, pad or other device designed to provide maximum protection and support.

Protective toe cap — Additional layer added to the toe area of a shoe to provide added protection against abrasion and wear.

PST™ (Mizuno) — Position Specific Technology is a unique glove design that increases the durability of the fingers and causes the glove to break on different axes, depending on the intended field position.

PU coating — Polyurethane is applied like a foam to fabric to give it water-resistant properties. The foam laminate contains air pockets, which enable the fabric to maintain breathability.

PU Molded Stud Plate — A lightweight, durable polyurethane soccer outsole that utilizes strategic stud placement to increase traction and decrease stud pressure.

Puma Cell® (Puma) — Hexagonal polyurethane cells of varying size with various amounts of CM-EVA or polyurethane foam for support, with a slower rate of compression or breakdown than foam.

The Pump (Reebok) — Inside each Pump Shoe, an inflatable chamber surrounds the foot. Inflating the chamber causes the shoe to conform to the exact shape and size of each athlete’s foot.

The Pump Automatic (Flip Top Adjustable Dial) (Reebok) — The flip top adjustable dial allows the athlete to dial in the exact amount of inflation needed for a perfect, custom fit. Set the valve to the desired custom fit by lifting the handle on the valve and turning. Walk 5 – 10 steps and the shoe automatically does the rest, ensuring a perfect customized fit every time.

The Pump Manual (Reebok) — Press the Pump ball repeatedly to inflate the chamber until the desired custom fit is reached. Press the release valve to let the air out of the shoe and relax the fit.

Push/pull — A term that describes the active movement of moisture within a textile. Hydrophobic fibers (e.g. polyester or polypro) will "push" moisture away from the body and hydrophilic fibers (e.g. nylon) will "pull" the moisture to the surface, to disperse it.

PVC™ (Columbia) — Traditional rubber rainwear.

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Q15 — A lightweight microfiber fabric with a soft drape and minimal noise.

Quadensity™ (Columbia) — Combination of four distinct cushioning layers that provide system that offers support and stability while maintaining superior cushioning.

Quilted mesh — Sandwiching two layers of mesh fabric with a stitched pattern to increase fabric strength.

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Radial Inseam™ (Columbia) — Eliminates the restriction and bunching that occurs in the crotch of ordinary pants. Special panels and gussets built into the rise and legs of the garment enhance range of movement.

Radial Sleeve™ (Columbia) — Wearers are allowed a full range of arm motion without having to worry about their jacket riding up, tugging or restricting movement.

Radial Venting System™ (Columbia) — Allows maximum ventilation without underarm bulk.

Raglan Sleeve — Shirt design where sleeves of shirt are a different color than body. May have short, 3/4, or long sleeves.

Rand — Upper covering of durable materials to reinforce the vamp.

Rear foot ASICS® GEL® Cushioning System — Impact absorption system that disperses vertical forces across a horizontal plane to provide optimum shock absorption without sacrificing the stability of the shoe.

Rear foot strap lacing system — A unique strapping system attached to the heel of the shoe that provides additional fit control.

Redline Pro Series (Easton) — Baseball mitts featuring supple, U.S.-tanned steer hide for the ultimate in shape retention, Salz "Soft chocolate" premium lining leather that repels sweat while remaining soft, and rawhide laces for ultimate durability.

Reflectivity — Material that enhances visibility during low light hours.

Relaxed fit jeans — Tapered legs. Fully cut seat and thighs for maximum comfort.

Resilite Polyurethane (RPU) (Saucony) — Exclusive PU compound, which offers lighter weight and greater resilience.

Retro Leather™ (Mizuno) — High-quality, full-grain American steerhide that offers game-ready flexibility and durability.

RhynoSkin® (ASICS) — Highly abrasion-resistant synthetic leather placed in the toe area to help prevent wear caused by excessive toe drag.

Rial 24 — 100% polyester microfiber. An excellent moisture management performance knit.

Rim weight — Outer weight of the discus. Generally, the higher the rim weight, the less the discus will wobble and the farther it will fly. Beginning discus throwers should look for a lower rim weight, changing to a heavier weight as technique improves.

Ripstop — A woven fabric with heavier yarns placed in a checkerboard or diamond pattern. This adds strength and prevents rips or tears from spreading, and also adds a visual effect. In addition to active sportswear applications, other end users include parachutes and sleeping bags.

Ripstop nylon — 100% nylon — 700 filament yarn. Excellent durability and colorfastness.

Road flats — A lightweight racing shoe, designed for runners who compete off the track and need more protection on hard surfaces. Lighter than training shoes, they feature more support and cushioning that standard track flats.

Rotational Split Sole™ (ASICS) — A design that improves responsiveness and flexibility while reducing weight.

Rustic™ Leather (Wilson) — A unique tanning process that creates a premium, ready-to-play leather.

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SatinFlower — 100% microfiber polyester, woven. Excellent moisture management, quick drying and ultra lightweight.

Scotchgard™ — Rain and stain repellent that protects garments from watery and oily stains while reinforcing the fabric’s water resistance and durability.

Sculpted heel cup — Provides a contoured fit that aids in power and leverage during push-off.

Sculpted™ — Phylon™ carved or sculpted, as opposed to molded, to a particular shape. Used primarily in midsoles.

Seamless upper — Upper made of a single piece to increase stability and/or to reduce seam abrasion.

Seam sealed — A durable polyurethane adhesive tape applied with pressure and heat along the seam to cover the stitch holes and edges or full garment waterproofing.

SG (Soft ground) — A unique six-studded soccer outsole designed to make certain that even when the field conditions are sloppy, your play won’t be.

Sc777™ (Easton) — Aluminum bat alloy, featuring Scandium for strong, lightweight, thin-wall construction.

Shank plate — Sometimes the forefoot and heel don’t want to go in the same direction. A shank plate, usually in the midfoot area, keeps the forefoot and heel working together to provide more force and stability when you make a cut.

Silent Rain™ (Columbia) — A naturally water-repellent, non-pilling, burr-proof and totally silent 100% polyester fabric.

Simulpress — Outsole technology that minimizes weight while preserving durability and traction at a lower cost.

Simulpress — Outsole technology that minimizes weight while preserving durability and traction at a lower cost.

SL-1 (New Balance) — Straight last used in New Balance training shoes. Built for athletes with a narrow foot, it provides a standard toe box and conventional fit through the instep area.

SL-2 (New Balance) — Straight last for those who have a wider foot and need more support, providing a higher toe box to prevent toe bruising and a higher instep area to accommodate orthotics and better fit for those athletes with high arches.

Slip-lasted — The upper is wrapped and stitched directly down the middle before it is attached to the board, allowing for flexibility and light weight.

Slotted/Nylon Plates — Flexible nylon sheets placed between outsole and midsole to provide protection from trail debris and add stability to trail shoes.

Sockliner — A liner under the foot that provides cushioning and comfort.

Soft Grid™ Technology (Saucony) — High rebound compound foam positioned directly under the heel, plus our reconfigured grid cassette with thicker strands in a soft durometer for cushion and stability.

SOG™ Technology (Wilson) — Slip-On-Glove, does away with straps and other adjustments, conforms to player's hand for greater comfort and control.

Solution™ Moisture Absorbing Technology (Wilson) — Composite leather basketball cover that absorbs moisture in game conditions for maximum ball control.

Spandex® — A fiber composed mainly of polyurethane. Spandex® is lighter in weight and more durable and supple than conventional elastic threads. It can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover instantly to its original length. It does not suffer from deterioration from oxidation, body oils, perspiration, lotions or detergents. Spandex is a generic name when used in combination with another fiber, such as spandex cotton, spandex polyester, spandex nylon, spandex rayon, spandex polypropylene, etc.

Speed plate — An ultralight, super-strong Pebax® soccer outsole that utilizes special stud placement to increase traction and decrease stud pressure.

SpEVA™ (ASICS) — Midsole material that improves bounce back characteristics and decreases midsole breakdown.

Spin-bottom shoes — Track shoes with a sole that wraps up and around to compensate for the wear-and-tear on the side of the shoe created by the spinning motion of the athlete (especially hammer throwers).

Split-grain leather — Splitting the leather leaves a layer that’s a bit coarser.

Sponge rubber — Contains a blowing agent that develops a cell structure for extra cushioning.

Springz™ geometry (And 1) — An open, convex dome between the heel and the ground that acts as a spring to cushion the heel upon impact.

Sprint — Different styles of spike plates are built for different styles of sprinters. Rigid plates are made for power runners; smaller, lightweight plates offer more flexibility for agile runners. A long spike plate, spanning most of the shoe’s base, is designed for power sprinters who like to push off of a very rigid plate. A shorter spike plate is very flexible, for the sprinter who wants a good feeling plate in a shoe that closely conforms to the foot. A midsize spike plate is a composite of the shorter and longer lengths, for athletes seeking a balance in flexibility and rigidity from their sprint spike.

Stability — Shoes that offer a compromise between motion control and cushioned. Stability shoes inhibit excess motion and provide cushioning in varying degrees, depending on the model.

Stability Web® (New Balance) — Delivers superior midfoot support and torsional stability while reducing overall shoe weight.

Staple — Natural fibers or cut lengths from synthetic fibers. All natural fibers are limited in length so that they can grow. Thus, all are "staple fibers." Synthetic fibers can be drawn out at any length, but may be cut into small lengths to simulate a natural fiber.

Stretch satin — Stretch woven satin gives a new performance dimension to a traditional woven product. Stretch allows the athlete freedom of movement and comfort not found in rigid goods. Stretch is achieved by construction, yarns used and the inclusion of Spandex® in some instances.

Stim-Pac (Reebok) — Ambient air-filled, two-chambered bladder that transfers air from front to rear and back; positioned under the Strobel board to create cushioning.

Storm Clad® (Nike) — A highly water-resistant, very tear-resistant dry hand woven fabric with a polyurethane coating.

Storm-FIT® (Nike) — Nike’s trademark for fabrics that are water and windproof with a high level of breathability. The primary construction for Storm-FIT is polyester or nylon woven with a breathable laminate.

Strobel® slip last — The upper of the shoe is slipped onto a last and stitched to sole-shaped fabric board around the perimeter of the sole; the board might vary from thin flexible materials to thicker stable materials or a combination, to improve stability or flexibility.

Stretch Back™ (Mizuno) — Creates a flexpoint in the glove for easy and efficient closure.

Striker ripstop — 100% nylon woven. Engineered for the soccer player with durability and coverage. Soft and lightweight, ripstop construction adds excellent tear strength for an aggressive sport.

Sub 4 — Footwear and apparel developed by athletes for athletes, created from the latest breakthroughs in performance fabrics and materials. Featuring customizable Purefootbed Technology, Sub 4 is inspired by runners who have broken the 4-minute mile barrier. Each piece of apparel is named for a city in which the 4-minute mile barrier was broken.

Sublimation — Ideal for full-color designs onto a white background, this process uses heat-sensitive dyes to work its magic. Rather than laying color "onto" the surface of the item being customized, as screenprinting does, sublimation dyes the color "into" the surface of the item. The design won't peel or crack because it becomes part of the finished product.

Super Seam Technology™ (Wilson) — Patented process that makes baseball/softball seams 20% higher, giving pitchers and fielders superior control and accuracy.

SuperSkin™ (Wilson) — Synthetic material used in the construction of baseball gloves, having twice the strength but half the weight of leather.

Supplex® — A DuPont, lightweight, low denier per filament, texturized nylon. Fabrics made with Supplex® are soft and cotton-like, with high abrasion, tear, water, and wind resistance.

Support — Shoes with special features that help runners who either overpronate (roll inward), have low arch, are hard on shoes, need a straighter last, wear orthotics, need more midfoot and heel control or need firmer midsoles.

Suprene™ Sockliner (ASICS) — Durable, lightweight EVA sockliner for increased cushioning.

Swingman (Nike) — Constructed with the requirements of Ken Griffey Jr. in mind that provide incredible support, Zoom Air cushioning and expert craftsmanship.

Synthetic kangaroo leather — Durable yet lightweight synthetic material for cleated footwear that resists shrinking and stretching.

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Tackle Twill — This customization method is most commonly seen on uniforms. A player's name and number is designed with twill fabric, cut into the chosen letter style, then sewn onto the garment with a zig-zag or satin stitch. This same method can be applied to designs with large areas of color. These areas can be substituted with many different types of fabric and prints (cut to any custom shape) to give a multifaceted look.

Tactel® — A family of nylon performance fabrics from fiber and fabric manufacturer E.I du Pont Nemours. Characteristics include water and wind-resistance that is breathable and available in knits and wovens.

Tactel® Aquator® pique — This is plaited construction having a cotton face and a Tactel® nylon back. This produces a fabric that has great wicking and fast drying properties coupled with a soft and natural hand.

Tactel® faille — A woven faille that utilizes the Tactel® nylon yarns giving an extremely soft cotton hand fabric.

Tactel® nylon drop needle — Drop-needle rib knit construction adds visual interest and makes for a slim-fitting garment.

Taffeta — A fine plain weave fabric with a smooth hand. Each filling yarn passes successfully over and under each wrap yarn, alternating each row. Taffeta can be produced in solid colors, yarn-dyed plaids, stripes and prints. Fiber content is typically a manufactured fiber or combination of fibers such as polyester, nylon or acetate.

Tall sizes — Pants, generally windwear, that feature a longer inseam, resulting in a better fit for long-legged athletes.

Tasian — A textured yarn that is different from spun yarn or continuous filament yarn in that it is made on a bulking process developed by DuPont. The properties of hand loftiness, covering power and yarn texture are permanent and do not require special care.

Team TPS Ai Technology (Louisville) — Combines the best of its softball bat technologies into one powerful new bat, uniting the air technology of Air Attack bats and their pressurized nitrogen-filled chamber with the multi-wall design of Inertia. The air chamber inside the barrel of the Team TPS Ai works with the multi-wall design to provide two advantages — a more effective sweet spot, giving more pop off the bat, and a greater support of the barrel wall for durability.

Teflon® — A water-repellent, stain-resistant, fluorocarbon finish trademarked by DuPont.

Tensil sockliner — Relieves cleat pressure in cleated footwear for sports such as soccer. Previously the lack of midsole in these shoes made it difficult to provide cushioning.

Terreno duro (adidas) — Extremely abrasion-resistant carbon rubber compound used in soccer outsoles to increase shoe life for play on hard to very hard surfaces (e.g. sand, gravel or clay).

Textured cotton Lycra® — 90% combed cotton and 10% Lycra®. A subtle ribbed pattern offers surface interest, comfort of cotton and the fit of Lycra®.

Thermal Insulation — The process of trapping heated air next to the body.

Thinsulate™ Insulation (3M) — Lightweight microfiber insulation found in a wide range of cold weather apparel and footwear, provides 1 1/2 times the warmth of down but without the bulk, developed in the 1960s and introduced in 1978.

3D Grid® (Saucony) — Soft grade Hytel™ filaments wrapped around the midsole form a platform for cushioning and shock absorption.

3D Technology™ (Mizuno) — Position-specific patterns for ball glove pockets.

3D Torsion™ (adidas) — Midfoot support bridge.

3D Ultralite™ (Reebok) — Injection-molded mixture of rubber and EVA that eliminates the need for separate midsole/outersole pieces, producing a lighter, more flexible shoe.

3M Absorbent® — A trademarked treatment applied to fabric to provide moisture management.

3M Scotchlite Reflective® — Reflective trim provides high visibility at night.

3-Stripes® (adidas) — Since their inception in 1949, the famous 3-Stripes® have function as midfoot support straps. Based on their placement and material makeup, the 3-Stripes® increase upper support and provide a more snug fit. Some more recent adidas shoe designs have seen an extension of the stripes into the rearfoot and forefoot areas of the upper

30° Grid® (Saucony) — Technology that provides superior cushioning and stability through 30-degree angled strands that limit over-pronation.

Torsion® System (adidas) — Stability and control system that allows natural rotation between the rearfoot and forefoot and provides midfoot support

Touche Leather™ (Mizuno) — Game-ready, tumbled leather for a classy, grainy look.

TPR — Thermo-Plastic Rubber, a very dense rubber used to make stabilizing sole inserts.

TPU — Thermo-Plastic Urethane, provides stiffness and is used to form plates for soccer, football and baseball cleats.

TPVR — Thermo-Polyvinyl Resin. Used to provide stability without adding excess weight. Lightweight and appear as clear stripes on the shoe.

TPX® Air3 Technology (Hillerich & Bradsby) — Three-compartment chamber that triples the incremental pressure at impact, lending more support and rebound off the bat.

Traditional fit jeans — Tapered legs with slimmer cut in seat and thighs.

Trail — Running shoes designed specifically for off-road racing, usually featuring a durable and waterproof upper with a traction outsole.

Trainer — A sports-specific, turf bottom shoe. Generally a practice shoe for use indoors or on turf.

TraXion™ (adidas) — Multi-oriented, crescent-shaped studs that provide optimal ground penetration for maximum grip and better pressure distribution for increased comfort.

Triax Series (Nike) — Series of shoes that provide choices to runners who prefer superior cushioning, motion control, lightweight stability, or trail running shoes.

Tricot — A warp knit fabric using synthetic yarns. Tricot can be very lightweight, made with Spandex®, or can be substantial and rigid. Tricot is typically made of triacetate, acetate, polyester, nylon and rayon. It has a smooth face and crosswise ribs on the back. It can be made in plain jersey or in meshes, stripes and many other designs.

Trilobal — The shape of a nylon filament when viewed as a cross section under a microscope. Trilobal filaments can be in the shape of a "Y" or "T." Trilobal taffetas are high luster fabric due to the cross-sectional shape of the filament and its interaction with light.

Triple jump shoes — Shoes that tend to have a more level profile, with more cushioning under the heel to help absorb the impact of going from the hop-and-step phase to the jump.

Tri-Shell™ (Easton) — Multi-wall bat featuring thin rubber sleeve sandwiched between durable tube and thin, but strong, outer shell.

Trusstic System® (ASICS) — Molded component that reduces the weight of the sole unit while retaining the structural integrity of the shoe.

Tsunami Leather™ (Mizuno) — Water-resistant, game-ready leather.

Tubular Air technology — Designed to lower airsole pressure to 8 pounds per square inch for a softer, smoother ride. Oversized hemispheres in the heel in combination with the lower pressure allow for a softer feel at the area of highest peak heel load, directly under the alcaneus (heel).

Tuned Air — Patented cushioning technology that provides the optimum blend of cushioning and motion control in a single midsole cushioning system. Tuned Air technology combines Air cushioning with mechanical elements to provide maximum impact protection with enhanced stability, guiding the foot through footstrike. Using sport and body type specific configurations of specially designed hemisphere-shaped mechanical elements, Tuned Air delivers a more stable ride, maximum impact protection, and motion control in appropriate regions of the midsole.

Turf — Studded cleat for traction on indoor turf or synthetic grass surfaces.

Twill — Basic type of weave characterized by diagonal lines. These lines are produced by a series of floats staggered in the warp direction.

2A (FILA) — Visco-elastic (elastomer) polymer units that absorb shock.

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Ultra Hexalite (Reebok) — Lightweight, shock-absorbing, hexagonal cells encapsulated within the CM-EVA; they have a slower rate of breakdown than foam.

Ultra light ripstop — Extremely lightweight, this ripstop construction gives an update to the basic taffetta. The use of high count polyester filaments coupled with a micro coating produces soft, lightweight performance fabric.

UltraStrike™ (adidas) — A two-piece heel design in running shoes that combines carbon rubber with a molded thermoplastic urethane insert for increased wear and support.

Unlined — Apparel made for minimal protection against cold, generally designed to keep muscles warm without overheating.

Upper — The top part of the shoe that grips your foot and provides comfortable support, locking the foot over the midsole and outsole.

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Vamp — Sides and forepart of the upper, from rear seam to toe.

Vapex® — Windproof laminate with stretch nylon mesh. Very compactible, lightweight, and breathable. The laminate is pigment colored to enhance the mesh face.

Velcro® — Combination hook and loop fastener patented in 1955. Derived from the words velour and crochet, although later consisting of nylon, a nature walk with his dog inspired Swiss inventor George de Mestral in 1948. Coming home covered with burrs, he placed one of them under a microscope and observed the many tiny hooks and loops that allowed it to cling to fabric.

Ventilation — Air circulation either inside or through garments or garment layers.

Vibram — Various carbon rubber outersoles licensed from Vibram, Inc.

Vis-Air (Nike) — Air-Sole® unit in plain sight.

Visible Zoom Air (VisiZoom) — A vacuum-formed polyurethane bag that houses densely packed fibers. The fibers, combined with Nike Air, act as little springs. The result is low-to-the-ground, hyper-responsive speed cushioning you can feel. And it does it in less space than other Air-Sole® units.

VIZ DMX 6™ (Reebok) — Improved version of full-length DMX 6™ cushioning system. Outsole sidewall that covered the heel pod is removed, making DMX™ more visible, providing more freedom to absorb impact and allowing the heel pod to compress more and provide more air flow through the DMX™ pod.

VIZ DMX 10™ (Reebok) — Improved version of full-length DMX 10™ cushioning system. Outsole sidewall that covered the heel pod is removed, making DMX™ more visible, providing more freedom to absorb impact and allowing the heel pod to compress more and provide more air flow through the DMX™ pod.

VS-1™ (Mizuno) — Provides shock absorption and cushioning by resisting compression-set, thus extending the cushioning life of running shoes.

VTB™ (Mizuno) — Vertical Thumb Box adds additional comfort and stability.

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Waffle® outsole (Nike) — Outsole pattern invented by Nike co-founder Bill Bowerman on his wife’s waffle iron. Design is similar to a waffle in appearance, providing excellent traction.

Warp/fill yarn — Both warp and fill describe the direction in which the yarns are woven into a textile. Warp being the lengthwise, running yarns and fill being the widthwise yarns.

Water column — A test method to measure the fabric’s resistance to water penetration. The test fabric is exposed to water, which is increased in pressure at a consistent rate of 10 cm per minute. As the water column rises, the hydrostatic pressure increases proportionately. The measurement from the water column at the moment of water penetration by three separate drops of water is recorded in millimeters.

Waterproof — The ability for fabric to withstand penetration by water. Waterproof fabrics are generally coated with chemicals or laminated with a film.

Waterproof nubuck leathers — Found on selected men’s casuals, these specially treated leathers are soft, breathable and 100% waterproof.

Water-repellent — A term applied to fabrics that can shed water but are permeable to air. Water repellency is a lesser degree of protection against wet conditions than water resistancy.

Water-resistant — The fabric is either tightly constructed or treated chemically to resist water but is not considered waterproof.

Western cut jeans — Slim cut in the seat and thighs. Full cut legs for classic boot fit.

Wet Grip® (ASICS) — Special blend of compounds used on outsoles and designed to enhance traction on wet or slippery surfaces.

Wicking — Movement of moisture by capillary action, usually along the surface, to where it can evaporate quickly.

Widths — The measurement of the width of the foot, given in letters. The higher up a letter is in the alphabet, the larger the width (e.g.: B is wider than A). Widths range from narrow (3A) to extra wide (4E). A standard width for men is D, while the standard width for women is B.

Width Sizing (New Balance) — New Balance is still the only major athletic shoe company in the world that builds a complete line of shoes in full range of widths, from AA to EEEE.

Wind-resistant — A barrier created by a textile with a level of wind protection for light to medium weather conditions. Most commonly found in textiles with a high yarn count and without coatings or laminates.

Windproof — A barrier that totally blocks the wind in extreme to heavy weather conditions. Most commonly found in textiles with a microfiber denier that are tightly constructed or have a laminated or coated waterproof finish.

Women’s-specific sockliner — A woman’s sockliner designed to mirror the unique contours of a woman’s foot. Slightly narrower in the heel and higher in the arch, it provides a closer fit and more comfortable support.

Wool — Natural fiber made from the fleece of lamb or sheep, provides soft, warm, comfortable wear.

Worth ACX Technology — Anti-sting bat technology that cancels out the negative vibrations caused by a ball striking outside the sweet spot. The result is more follow-through power.

Work fit jeans — Full cut legs to fit over work boots. Fully cut seat and thighs for maximum comfort.

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Xar-3000 (New Balance) — A type of carbon rubber used in high-wear areas of some New Balance running shoe outsoles.

X-10™ (Mizuno) — High-density, carbon rubber for increased durability.

XT-600® (Saucony) — High durability, carbon rubber outsole material.

XT-900® (Saucony) — Carbon rubber outsole material that offers super abrasion-resistant properties.

X-Beam® (Reebok) — Low-to-the-ground look and feel technology. The X-Beam® or cross beam is a piece of translucent plastic that sits between the upper and outsole, resulting in lighter, more flexible and more responsive shoe.

XT-Lite™ (Saucony) — Carbon rubber outsole material bonded directly to a fabric base that combines durability, flexibility and lightweight properties.

X-Wave™ (Mizuno) — Technology that features a full-length Wave™ in the midsole for cushioning and stability.

X-Web™ (Wilson) — Combines the flexibility of an open web with the ruggedness of a closed web.

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